2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Neuronal Signaling
  4. Monoamine Oxidase

Monoamine Oxidase

MAO

Monoamine Oxidase

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Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines. They are found bound to the outer membrane of mitochondria in most cell types in the body. They belong to the protein family of flavin-containing amine oxidoreductases. Monoamine oxidases catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines. Oxygen is used to remove an amine group from a molecule, resulting in the corresponding aldehyde and ammonia. Monoamine oxidases contain the covalently bound cofactor FAD and are, thus, classified as flavoproteins. Because of the vital role that MAOs play in the inactivation of neurotransmitters, MAO dysfunction is thought to be responsible for a number of psychiatric and neurological disorders. MAO-A inhibitors act as antidepressant and antianxiety agents, whereas MAO-B inhibitors are used alone or in combination to treat Alzheimer’sand Parkinson’s diseases.

Monoamine Oxidase Isoform Specific Products:

Monoamine Oxidase Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-155137
    CHBO4
    CHBO4 is a potent, reversible, competitive, and selective hMAO-B inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.031 μM in CHBO subseries and an Ki value of 0.010 ± 0.005 μM. CHBO4 reduce cell damage by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). CHBO4 can be used for Parkinson's Disease (PD) research.
    CHBO4
  • HY-B1111S1
    Amitraz-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Amitraz-d3 is the deuterium labeled Amitraz. Amitraz is a non-systemic acaricide and insecticide, with alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, interaction with octopamine receptors of the central nervous system and inhibition of monoamine oxidases and prostaglandin synthesis.
    Amitraz-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-146762
    MAO-B-IN-7
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-7 is a potent and blood-brain barrier permeable MAO-B and AChE inhibitor with IC50s of 41 nM, 87 nM and 0.3 μM for human AChE, electric eel AChE and MAO-B, respectively. MAO-B-IN-7 can effectively alleviate oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory damage.
    MAO-B-IN-7
  • HY-147362
    MAO-B-IN-14
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-14 (Compound 9) is a potent and selective monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.95 μM and a Ki of 0.55 μM against human MAO-B.
    MAO-B-IN-14
  • HY-120206B
    Brasofensine sulfate
    		Inhibitor
    Brasofensine (BMS-204756) sulfate is an oral active dopamine transporter antagonist and can be used for parkinson’s disease research.
    Brasofensine sulfate
  • HY-B1018AS
    Phenelzine-d5 sulfate
    		Inhibitor
    Phenelzine-d5 sulfate is the deuterium labeled Phenelzine sulfate (HY-B1018A). Phenelzine sulfate, an antidepressant agent, is an irreversible and orally active monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and MAO-B) inhibitor. Phenelzine sulfate inhibits GABA transaminase and primary amine oxidase (PrAO), and sequester reactive aldehydes. Phenelzine sulfate also inhibits LSD1 (Ki: 5.6 μM) and suppresses oxidative stress and lipogenesis. Phenelzine sulfate elevates neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine). Phenelzine sulfate is studied in neurological, metabolic and cancer diseases for depression and anxiety disorders, stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory pain, obesity and prostate cancer.
    Phenelzine-d<sub>5</sub> sulfate
  • HY-152112
    AChE/BChE/MAO-B-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    AChE/BChE/MAO-B-IN-2 is a potent AChE, BChE, and MAO-B enzymes inhibitor with IC50 values of 48.2 nM, 83.9 nM, and 31.2 nM, respectively. AChE/BChE/MAO-B-IN-2 has significant antioxidant activity, and can be used for Parkinson’s disease research.
    AChE/BChE/MAO-B-IN-2
  • HY-100178
    CX-157
    		Inhibitor
    CX-157 is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) with an EC50 of 19.3 ng/mL.
    CX-157
  • HY-157326
    hMAO-B-IN-6
    		Inhibitor
    hMAO-B-IN-6 (compound 17d) is a potent and selective inhibitor of hMAO-B with an IC50 of 67.02 nM. hMAO-B-IN-6 significantly improves Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced cognitive impairment in AD mice.
    hMAO-B-IN-6
  • HY-149820
    MAO-B-IN-22
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-22 (compound 6h) is a potent MAO-B inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.014 μM. MAO-B-IN-22 has high antioxidant activity, good metal chelating ability, proper BBB permeability and significant neuroprotective effect.
    MAO-B-IN-22
  • HY-W035384
    MAO-B ligand-1
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B ligand-1 is a MAO-B inhibitor, with IC50 values of 22.57 and 3.83 nM for hMAO-A and hMAO-B, respectively.
    MAO-B ligand-1
  • HY-168590
    MAO-B-IN-36
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-36 (Compound A6) is a potent MAO-B inhibitor with an IC50 of 13 nM.
    MAO-B-IN-36
  • HY-D0958R
    Methylene blue hydrate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Methylene blue (hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methylene blue (hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) hydrate is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue hydrate through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue hydrate is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue hydrate is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene blue hydrate reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation.
    Methylene blue hydrate (Standard)
  • HY-163879
    hMAO-B-IN-9
    		Inhibitor
    hMAO-B-IN-9 (Compound 25c) is a non-competitive inhibitor for monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) with an IC50 of 1.58 µM (hMAO-B). hMAO-B-IN-9 forms complex with iron ions as a chelator, and inhibits Erastin (HY-15763)-induced ferroptosis. hMAO-B-IN-9 exhibits antioxidant activity by downregulating the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). hMAO-B-IN-9 improves cognitive function in mice, without significant toxicity (30 mg/kg). hMAO-B-IN-9 is blood-brain barrier permeable, according to the in silico prediction.
    hMAO-B-IN-9
  • HY-152111
    AChE/MAO-B-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    AChE/MAO-B-IN-3 (Compound D30) is a dual AChE and MAO-B inhibitor with IC50s of 0.0257 μM and 0.0456 μM against human AChE and MAO-B, respectively. AChE/MAO-B-IN-3 can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease.
    AChE/MAO-B-IN-3
  • HY-146149
    MAO-B-IN-11
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-11 (Compound 8c) is a potent monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.3 μM. MAO-B-IN-11 shows a neuroprotective activity.
    MAO-B-IN-11
  • HY-W845607
    Milacemide
    		Inhibitor
    Milacemide, a glycinamide derivative, is an orally active MAO-B inhibitor with anticonvulsant activity. Milacemide reduces the levels of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanilic acid, but increases the levels of dopamine and serotonin in the caudate nucleus. Milacemide is promising for research of Alzheimer's disease.
    Milacemide
  • HY-146347
    MAO-B-IN-10
    		Inhibitor
    MAO-B-IN-10 (compound 4f) is a potent, selective, BBB-penetrated MAO-B (monoamine oxidase-B) inhibitor, with IC50 of 5.3 μM. MAO-B-IN-10 can inhibit (58.2%) and disaggregate (43.3%) self-mediated Aβ (amyloid β) aggregation. MAO-B-IN-10 can be use for Alzheimer’s disease research.
    MAO-B-IN-10
  • HY-158978
    Multitarget AD inhibitor-2
    		Inhibitor
    Multitarget AD inhibitor-2 (Compound VN-19) is a multitargeting inhibitor acetylcholinesterase (AChE, IC50=0.14 μM), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, IC50=11.6 μM), monoamine oxidase B (MAO B, IC50=0.45 μM). Multitarget AD inhibitor-2 inhibits self-induced aggregation of amyloid beta protein Aβ1-42 (inhibition rate is 47.3% at 20 μM), and downregulates the level of ROS in SH-SY5Y (80 inhibition rate at 25 μM). Multitarget AD inhibitor-2 ameliorates the cognitive decline in Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced Alzheimer’s Disease zebrafish models.
    Multitarget AD inhibitor-2
  • HY-Y0265R
    Isatin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Isatin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isatin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isatin (Indoline-2,3-dione) is a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) with an IC50 of 3 μM. Also binds to central benzodiazepine receptors (IC50 against clonazepam, 123 μM). Also acts as an antagonist of both atrial natriuretic peptide stimulated and nitric oxide-stimulated guanylate cyclase activity. Shows effect on the serotonergic system.
    Isatin (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Monoamine Oxidase Isoform Comparison

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